Sources and methodWhere every card comes from, and how it is filed

How the facts were gathered

How a card is filed

1. First

   The source itself says first (or “oldest recorded,” “first known”). The checker’s label decides, and the build stops if a card’s kind disagrees with it. 54 cards.

2. Claimed first

   The first is someone’s own word: the claimant’s (“what it calls the nation’s first”), a single named source’s, or a hedged one (“reportedly”). The card types whose word it is after the kind (“per KLTV”) and says more on its back. 20 cards.

3. Beginning

   A dated start the source does not call a first: an opening, a founding, a first day of business, or a first that is only the thing’s own (“its first train”). A beginning never calls itself a first in its title. 91 cards.

4. Dates

   A card gives the date as exactly as its source does, in the catalog’s own forms: a day, a month, a year, a span (1855–58) or either year (1852 or 1853); “ca. 1850” for about, “1870?” for probably, a decade (1920s) when that is all there is, and n.d. for no date. A rough date is stamped lightly, its frame broken; 19 cards have one. Cards run in date order; inside one year, a card that gives only the year comes before one that gives a month or a day. That is a filing rule, not a claim about which came first.

5. Disputes

   Where sources disagree, the card does not choose. The contested date carries a dagger (†), and the back of the card says who says what. 34 cards do.

6. Numbers

   Every number in a card’s title, summary, account or note must appear in the claim, the recorded conflict or the date of a fact the card cites, or in a card it points to. Numbers spelled out in words (two to twenty, thirty to a thousand) are held to the same test. The build fails otherwise, and it fails if any checked claim is left off the cards or filed twice.

7. Notes

   A note is typed on the back of the card: a dispute, a span, whose word a first is, a gap in the record. 62 cards carry one.

8. Shelves

   Shelves and subject headings are our filing, so a reader can find a card. They are not claims in a source. Black Tyler is a shelf that crosses the others: its cards also stand on the shelf of their subject.

9. Pictures

   23 cards carry an archive photograph, print or postcard, each cleared to publish and each put only on a card whose subject it shows. Its caption says only what the holder’s record and the research support; its credit line is printed exactly, and the credits give every rights statement word for word.

Notes on particular cards

These cards carry a note on the back: a span, a dispute, or a claim that is the claimant’s own.

• Smith County’s commissioners’ court meets for the first time

  April 11, 1846, is the day the legislature created the county; July 1846 is when it was marked off from the Nacogdoches District. They are two steps, not two answers.

• The state’s inventory counts five courthouses in Tyler

  The Handbook of Texas gives other years: 1847 for the log courthouse in the center of the square, 1909 for the three-story courthouse and 1954 for the present one.

• A log courthouse, Tyler’s first civic building

  The state’s courthouse inventory lists log courthouses of 1846 and 1848 rather than two of 1847.

• Marvin Methodist, called the first church in Smith County

  The Handbook of Texas dates a Methodist church to 1846. First Baptist’s marker dates that church to April 8, 1848, so which congregation came first depends on which Methodist date is right.

• The Masons, Tyler’s first fraternal order

  Filed under 1849, the year in the city’s National Register documentation; the Handbook of Texas says 1848.

• A female seminary opens, later Charnwood Institute

  The sources date Charnwood Institute differently, and neither says they describe one school. The Handbook gives the name Tyler Female Seminary to another school, Tyler University’s women’s department.

• The 1852 courthouse, whose bricks went into later ones

  The same inventory dates the next courthouse to 1910 in its own record, and the Handbook of Texas to 1909. These are building bricks, not street paving.

• The Methodists’ Sunday school, called “the first”

  “The first Sunday School” is the documentation’s phrase. Read in context it is the Methodists’ first, not necessarily the town’s.

• Tyler University opens as a Baptist academy

  The Handbook of Texas says it opened in 1852 or 1853; the city’s National Register documentation says it was established in 1854.

• The first school for Black children in the Tyler area

  Neither source says the accounts describe the same school.

• The first railroad reaches Tyler

  Sources differ on the year: the 2001 Tyler cover document and the Handbook’s Tyler Tap entry say April 1873; the Handbook’s Tyler entry and the downtown nomination say April 1874.

• Tyler’s first fair, as the city’s survey dates it

  Sources disagree on when the fair began: 1875 in the city’s documentation, 1874 in the 2019 Rose Garden nomination, 1855 in a 1965 chapter by Morris Burton, and 1912, for the fair association, in a 1995 Texas House resolution. The East Texas State Fair counts its own years from a later start.

• The Governor Hubbard brings in the Tyler Tap’s first train

  The Tyler Tap’s own first train, not the first railroad to reach Tyler, which came in 1873–74.

• The first recorded sale of rose plants near Tyler

  A 1990 marker counts Mathew and T. J. Shamburger among the first to raise roses commercially in East Texas, a first they share.

• The railroad puts its shops and hospital in Tyler

  Another Handbook of Texas entry says the Tyler Tap was renamed the Texas and St. Louis Railway on May 14, 1879, by an amendment to its charter, rather than acquired.

• Tyler Colored High School, called the first known Black school

  The Handbook of Texas says children at a year-old Black school in Tyler were attacked in June 1868.

• Voters approve a water plant on Victory Lake

  Who built the Bellwood dam is disputed: the dam’s own nomination says the private Tyler Water Company did. And the Handbook of Texas says Lake Tyler’s first water came on January 12, 1949.

• By 1885: a waterworks, an opera house and an ice factory

  The city’s 2000 survey dates Tyler’s first ice factory a year later, to 1886.

• Tyler’s first ice factory, as the city’s survey tells it

  The Handbook of Texas lists an ice factory in Tyler by 1885.

• The Cotton Belt’s hospital for railroad workers

  The Handbook of Texas says the railroad located its hospital in Tyler in 1879, after acquiring the Tyler Tap.

• West End Negro School, Tyler’s first public school for Black children

  The same document elsewhere calls it “the 1882 West End Negro School”; 1888 is the year it gives where it describes the school in detail.

• A brick church called the first in Texas built by Black Texans

  The National Register documents cite the City of Tyler, one of them with “reportedly.” The building is gone; the congregation moved to West Lollar Street and built there in 1933.

• Hispanic families appear in the city directory

  1893 is the earliest directory listing found, not a date of arrival.

• The Lake Bellwood dam, one of the earliest of its kind

  Who built it differs: the dam’s own nomination says the private Tyler Water Company, bought by B. B. Cain in 1893; the city’s 2000 documentation says “the City built an earthen dam in 1894.”

• The Cotton Belt, called the first Southwest railroad to burn oil

  A first for the railroad, not for Tyler. The year comes from the Cotton Belt Building’s National Register nomination.

• Five women’s clubs start a subscription library

  The city’s National Register documentation records that the library’s goal was to make books available to all “[white]” citizens.

• A Baptist academy opens, later Butler College

  Its early name differs by source: East Texas Baptist Academy on its marker, Texas Baptist Academy in the Handbook of Texas, East Texas Academy on another marker. The marker says the association voted to close the college in 1971; the Handbook says it closed in the summer of 1972.

• Red brick goes down on Tyler’s streets

  Accounts disagree on the start: July 2, 1906, in the city’s National Register documentation; around 1912 in another account.

• Smith County builds a three-story courthouse

  The state’s courthouse inventory dates this courthouse to 1910 and the present one to 1955.

• The East Texas Fair Association is founded

  The East Texas State Fair marked its 110th year in 2026, a count a 1912 founding with wartime gaps does not neatly match. The city’s 2000 documentation dates the first Tyler fair to 1875.

• The first train carload of rose bushes ships

  The share of the nation’s rose bushes is a 1940s figure, and no longer holds.

• Voters fund the county’s first paved roads

  The Handbook of Texas calls the 1921 Dixie Highway, from Tyler to Winona, the county’s first hard-surface road; it was built of iron ore, gravel, asphalt and crushed limestone, not concrete. Both firsts can be true.

• The Dixie Highway, the county’s first hard-surface road

  The city’s National Register documentation calls a 1921 road on the Tyler-Dallas Highway the county’s first concrete-paved road. The two firsts are for different surfaces.

• Tyler’s airport opens on Highway 64

  The same document elsewhere calls Pounds Field “the local airport established in 1929,” the year the airport committee was appointed.

• People’s Bank raises a 15-story tower

  The city’s National Register documentation says People’s National Bank “is thought to date to 1896 or 1897.”

• Margaret Copeland is crowned the first Rose Queen

  Sources differ on her name and her town: Copeland of Palestine, or, in the Handbook of Texas, Copland of Tyler.

• The first rose festival opens in Tyler

  Two figures for the money: $1,500 raised, in the Handbook of Texas; a budget of $1,800, in the National Register nomination.

• Tyler Barber College, called the country’s first for African Americans

  A 2004 state marker says Morgan opened his college on Irwin Street with five chairs “by 1933”; the 2022 nomination says 1934.

• City Hall, the first building to hold all the city’s offices

  The city’s National Register documentation calls it “the 1937-38 Tyler City Hall,” and the downtown nomination says it was completed in 1938 in one place and built in 1939 in another.

• The city’s survey dates Tyler’s first Black officers to the 1940s

  No names are given. KETK has called Ira Brown Tyler’s first African American policeman; see his card.

• Construction begins on Camp Fannin

  The Handbook’s Smith County entry says the camp was constructed in 1943.

• Prisoners of war arrive at Camp Fannin

  The Handbook of Texas says all but the cantonment was declared surplus on January 19, 1946.

• Camp Fannin becomes a tuberculosis sanatorium

  The Handbook’s Camp Fannin entry says the base became the sanatorium the year after 1947, in 1948.

• Bergfeld Center, called Tyler’s first suburban shopping center

  One survey, both wordings: “Tyler’s first suburban shopping center” and “one of Tyler’s first.” The card keeps both.

• Tyler Civic Theatre opens a building for theatre in the round

  “Nation’s first” is the theatre’s own claim.

• The Tyler Municipal Rose Garden officially opens

  “Largest” is the nomination’s word, and its count is from the spring of 2018.

• KLTV Channel 7 signs on

  The details about Lucille Buford and the hangar are KLTV’s own account.

• Elvis Presley plays the Mayfair Club

  The nomination dates a stage photograph to January 25, 1955. It does not give the day of the first show.

• Andrew Melontree Sr., a first in the hospital laboratories

  The firsts are the county’s own, from a news release KLTV published.

• Andrew Melontree Sr., the county’s first Black commissioner

  KLTV’s headline limits the first to the 20th century, which leaves room for Black officeholders during Reconstruction.

• JoAnn Hampton, in her words the first Black woman commissioner

  The first is her own statement, in a 2023 interview.

• Heritage Neighborhood No. 1, Tyler’s first local historic overlay

  The overlay governs the buildings; no source says it covers the brick pavement.

• Stanley’s neon sign, called the first in Tyler to get a marker

  The “first” comes from one source, the North Texas SBDC.

• Bethlehem First Baptist, Tyler’s first Black Baptist congregation

  No founding year is given; the source says only that it formed after the Civil War.

• The Cotton Belt, called the first railroad to go all diesel

  The claim rests on McKenzie’s own account and carries no date.

• The Douglas Addition, the first with a park and curving streets

  The plat is not dated; the passage sits among 19th-century plats.

• McDonald Lorance, Tyler’s first mayor

  The Handbook of Texas does not give the year he took office; it places him just before the 1850 incorporation.

• Budding roses on dog-rose stock, called a first for local nurserymen

  The first is not dated or tied to a place; the nomination cites an unpublished 2011 slide-show script by Sam C. Kidd.

• Gustavo Ramirez, as of 2019 the only Hispanic elected to the council

  Neither story gives his years in office. “Only” is KETK’s word, as of October 2019.

• Ira Brown, called Tyler’s first Black policeman in a headline

  The city’s 2000 documentation says Tyler’s first African American officers were hired in the 1940s.

• KLTV calls its founder the first woman to own and operate a TV station

  These are KLTV’s words about its own founder, and they carry no date.

• Quincy Beavers, Smith County’s first Black judge

  The story does not give the year he first took office.

What no source supports

These statements are not in the fact file, so no card makes them:

• Not claimedA laying pattern (running bond, herringbone) or maker stamps for Tyler's bricks
• Not claimed"Tyler grows half the nation's roses" in the present tense
• Not claimedA single start year for the brick streets (say "early 1900s into the 1940s")

Left out, and why

• Jucys Hamburgers, first location, 1980. The fact says the chain’s first location opened in Longview, not Tyler. It is a first, but not a Tyler first.

• The East Texas oilfield, October 3, 1930, and the oil strike at Van, October 13, 1929. Both are in the fact file, but neither is in Tyler: the discovery well is in Rusk County, and Van is filed among the towns near Tyler.

• Palestine’s dogwood celebration, 1938. The celebration dates to 1938, but it is in Palestine, in Anderson County, not in Tyler.

• “The first brick street.” One account puts the first brick streets around 1912 and the National Register nomination says 1906. The brick card is filed as a beginning, in the early 1900s, and no card says which street was first.

• Other openings and foundings in the first fact file. Among them: Tyler State Park (opened 1939), the Tyler Museum of Art (opened 1971), Liberty Hall (opened as the Liberty Theater in 1930) and Rick’s on the Square (opened September 10, 1992). They are not filed yet.

• Photographs of the 1930s oil boom, of brick being laid, and of the rose festival before 2014. None was found with rights that allow publishing here. Permission requests are open with the Smith County Historical Society, the Texas Rose Festival Association and others.

Every source

126 sources, A to Z, each with the cards that cite it.

1. Brookshire's: About usbrookshires.comNo. 98
2. CHRISTUS Health: Our historychristushealth.orgNo. 116
3. County Progress: Words of wisdom with retired Smith County Commissioner JoAnn Hampton (January 2023)countyprogress.comNo. 150
4. Garden Club of America: civic project 680 (Tyler rose garden)gcamerica.orgNo. 136
5. Handbook of Texas: Brookshire Grocery Companytshaonline.orgNo. 98
6. Handbook of Texas: Butler Collegetshaonline.orgNo. 74
7. Handbook of Texas: Camp Fannintshaonline.orgNo. 124
8. Handbook of Texas: Camp Ford (F. Lee Lawrence)tshaonline.orgNo. 23
9. Handbook of Texas: Justice, William Waynetshaonline.orgNo. 141
10. Handbook of Texas: Lake Tylertshaonline.orgNo. 134
11. Handbook of Texas: Plyler v. Doetshaonline.orgNo. 145
12. Handbook of Texas: Rose Industrytshaonline.orgNo. 38 No. 89
13. Handbook of Texas: Smith Countytshaonline.orgNo. 1 No. 12 No. 14 No. 15 No. 19 No. 21 No. 25 No. 32 No. 38 No. 78 No. 93 No. 104 No. 129 No. 143
14. Handbook of Texas: Texas Collegetshaonline.orgNo. 107 No. 128
15. Handbook of Texas: Texas Rose Festivaltshaonline.orgNo. 109 No. 110
16. Handbook of Texas: Tyler Junior Collegetshaonline.orgNo. 97 No. 126
17. Handbook of Texas: Tyler Tap Railroadtshaonline.orgNo. 30 No. 32 No. 37
18. Handbook of Texas: Tyler, TXtshaonline.orgNo. 3 No. 6 No. 8 No. 9 No. 11 No. 13 No. 15 No. 21 No. 27 No. 32 No. 37 No. 38 No. 39 No. 44 No. 47 No. 79 No. 81 No. 89 No. 160
19. Handbook of Texas: University of Texas at Tylertshaonline.orgNo. 143
20. Handbook of Texas: University of Texas Health Center at Tylertshaonline.orgNo. 130 No. 144
21. Handbook of Texas: Whitehouse, TXtshaonline.orgNo. 134
22. Historic Tyler, Inc.: Overlay Zone: Heritage Neighborhood No. 1historictyler.orgNo. 152
23. Historic Tyler: Brick Streets Neighborhood Historic Districthistorictyler.orgNo. 76
24. Historic Tyler: Charnwood Residential Historic Districthistorictyler.orgNo. 149
25. Historic Tyler: Historic districtshistorictyler.orgNo. 149
26. Institute of Southern Jewish Life, Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities: Tyler, Texasisjl.orgNo. 46 No. 51 No. 66 No. 115
27. KETK: First African American Tyler policeman, Ira Brown, 91, passes away (Feb. 25, 2017)digital-release.ketk.comNo. 163
28. KETK: Hispanic Heritage Month: East Texas lawyer creating network for Hispanic professionals (Oct. 4, 2019)digital-release.ketk.comNo. 162
29. KETK: Tyler residents urge city council to approve independent commission for redistricting (June 23, 2021)digital-release.ketk.comNo. 162
30. KLTV, 2023-07-07: 95% of UT Tyler Medical School Students Come from East Texaskltv.comNo. 155
31. KLTV, 2024-10-14: ‘The L in KLTV’ – Lucille Buford Buys Tyler Radio Station, Launches Channel 7kltv.comNo. 137 No. 164
32. KLTV: Andrew Melontree Sr, first Black Smith County commissioner of 20th century, dies at age 89 (July 2020; Smith County news release)kltv.comNo. 139 No. 146
33. KLTV: Judge Quincy Beavers has died, JP announces (Feb. 12, 2026)kltv.comNo. 165
34. KLTV: KLTV Celebrates 50th Anniversarykltv.comNo. 137 No. 164
35. KLTV: Law enforcement community honors Herb Hayter after 40+ years of service (April 10, 2019)kltv.comNo. 148
36. KLTV: Proud of East Texas Tyler Civic Theaterkltv.comNo. 135
37. KLTV: Tyler Mayor-Elect, City Council Say They'll Work Together (May 12, 2008)kltv.comNo. 151
38. KTRE, 2021-01-25: Mark in Texas History: Smith County Rose Industryktre.comNo. 89 No. 136
39. KTRE, 2021-10-14: Tyler Rose Festival Returns after Event Canceled in 2020 Due to COVID-19ktre.comNo. 109 No. 110
40. Living New Deal: Tyler Municipal Rose Gardenlivingnewdeal.orgNo. 136
41. Longview News-Journal, 2020-06-28: Texas Rose Festival in Tyler Postponed to 2021 Because of COVID-19news-journal.comNo. 109 No. 110
42. National Register Multiple Property Documentation Form: Historic and Architectural Resources of Tyler, Texas (Diane E. Williams, 2000; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 6 No. 7 No. 11 No. 12 No. 14 No. 17 No. 19 No. 20 No. 25 No. 28 No. 29 No. 31 No. 33 No. 34 No. 35 No. 40 No. 42 No. 43 No. 44 No. 45 No. 48 No. 51 No. 52 No. 53 No. 54 No. 55 No. 57 No. 60 No. 62 No. 64 No. 65 No. 66 No. 67 No. 68 No. 69 No. 72 No. 73 No. 76 No. 77 No. 80 No. 82 No. 83 No. 85 No. 86 No. 88 No. 89 No. 90 No. 91 No. 92 No. 94 No. 96 No. 100 No. 102 No. 104 No. 105 No. 114 No. 121 No. 122 No. 127 No. 132 No. 133 No. 157 No. 159
43. National Register nomination, Pollard Residential Historic District (2026)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 102
44. National Register nomination, Short-Line Residential Historic District (2002)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 104
45. National Register nomination: Cotton Belt Building (NR 05001405, 2005; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 67 No. 158
46. National Register nomination: D. R. Glass Library at Texas College (NR 07000128, 2007; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 75
47. National Register nomination: Martin Hall at Texas College (NR 05001404, 2005; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 95
48. National Register nomination: Mayfair Building (NR 100010937, 2024; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 34 No. 99 No. 117 No. 138
49. National Register nomination: St. James Colored Methodist Episcopal Church (NR 04000887, 2004; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 58 No. 60
50. National Register nomination: Tyler Downtown Historic District (listed 2022; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 4 No. 9 No. 50 No. 65 No. 73 No. 106 No. 111 No. 112 No. 119 No. 120 No. 140
51. National Register nomination: Tyler Hydraulic-Fill Dam (NR 77001543; THC Atlas), p. 3atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 63
52. National Register nomination: Tyler Municipal Rose Garden (NR 100003539, 2019; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 34 No. 110 No. 118 No. 136 No. 161
53. National Register nomination: Williams-Anderson House (NR 02000995, 2002; THC Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 61
54. National Register of Historic Places nomination, Brick Streets Neighborhood Historic District (Texas Historical Commission Atlas)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 3 No. 32 No. 37 No. 76
55. North Texas SBDC: Stanley's Famous Pit Bar-B-Q success storyntsbdc.orgNo. 153
56. Robert Marlin, 'The Texas Rose Festival: Empires of Enchantment,' Tyler Today (posted Sept. 2022)tylertodaymagazine.comNo. 109
57. Scott Fybush, Site of the Week 12/11/2020: Looping Around Tyler, Texas (Fybush.com)fybush.comNo. 103
58. Simon: Broadway Square Mallsimon.comNo. 133
59. Smith County Historical Society: The Rose Queens of Tyler, Texassmithcountyhistoricalsociety.orgNo. 109
60. Texas Historical Commission Atlas: Smith County Courthouse (1846) (Atlas 4302002560)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 2
61. Texas Historical Commission Atlas: Smith County Courthouse (1848) (Atlas 4302002561)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 2
62. Texas Historical Commission Atlas: Smith County Courthouse (1852) (Atlas 4302002632)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 2 No. 16
63. Texas Historical Commission Atlas: Smith County Courthouse (1910) (Atlas 4302002633)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 2
64. Texas Historical Commission Atlas: Smith County Courthouse (1955) (Atlas 4302000240)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 2
65. Texas Historical Commission marker: Butler College (Atlas 5507015480)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 74
66. Texas Historical Commission marker: Camp Fannin Internment Camp World War II P.O.W. Camp (Atlas 5507014566)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 125
67. Texas Historical Commission marker: Cedar Street United Methodist Church (Atlas 5423007712)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 56
68. Texas Historical Commission marker: Chilton-Lipstate-Taylor House (Atlas 5507017993)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 59 No. 71
69. Texas Historical Commission marker: Christ Episcopal Church (Atlas 5423007713)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 24
70. Texas Historical Commission marker: Colonel Thomas R. Bonner (Atlas 5423007707)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 27
71. Texas Historical Commission marker: First Baptist Church of Tyler (Atlas 5423007724)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 10
72. Texas Historical Commission marker: First Christian Church of Tyler (Atlas 5423007727)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 22
73. Texas Historical Commission marker: First County Agricultural Extension Agent (Atlas 5423007716)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 78
74. Texas Historical Commission marker: Henry Miller Morgan (Atlas 5423013089)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 111
75. Texas Historical Commission marker: Marvin Methodist Church (Atlas 5423007741)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 9
76. Texas Historical Commission marker: Murphey the Jeweler (Atlas 5423007743)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 26
77. Texas Historical Commission marker: Oakwood Cemetery (Atlas 5423007746)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 18 No. 46
78. Texas Historical Commission marker: Rudolph Bergfeld (Atlas 5507015204)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 49 No. 71
79. Texas Historical Commission marker: Shamburger Cemetery (Atlas 5423007755)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 38
80. Texas Historical Commission marker: Smith County (Atlas 5423007756)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 3
81. Texas Historical Commission marker: Smith County as a 19th Century Legal Center (Atlas 5423007757)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 5 No. 36
82. Texas Historical Commission marker: Smith County Jail, 1881 (Atlas 5423007723)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 41
83. Texas Historical Commission marker: Smith County Rose Industry and the Tyler Rose Garden (Atlas 5423007758)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 38
84. Texas Historical Commission marker: Tyler Carnegie Library (Atlas 5507016531)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 73
85. Texas Historical Commission marker: Tyler Commercial College (Atlas 5507017351)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 70 No. 123
86. Texas Historical Commission marker: Tyler Junior College (Atlas 5423012516)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 97
87. Texas Historical Commission marker: Woman's Building (Atlas 5423007768)atlas.thc.texas.govNo. 108
88. Texas House of Representatives, H.R. No. 389, 74th Legislature (1995): honoring the East Texas State Faircapitol.texas.govNo. 34 No. 84
89. TxDOT: Adopt-a-Highway historytxdot.govNo. 147
90. Tyler Economic Development Council: major employers (employers.csv)tedc.orgNo. 113
91. Tyler Economic Development Council: Success in Tyler, Brookshire Grocery Companytedc.orgNo. 98
92. Tyler Economic Development Council: Success in Tyler, Tyler Pipetedc.orgNo. 113
93. Tyler Junior College: Apache Belles historytjc.eduNo. 131
94. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2014-09-28: Broadway Square Mall Construction in 70s Rivaled Building a Towntylerpaper.comNo. 133
95. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2015-08-17: Tyler's 13.8 Miles of Brick Streets Give East Texas Town Historic Charmtylerpaper.comNo. 76
96. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2022-03-19: Christus Trinity Mother Frances Health System Marks 85 Yearstylerpaper.comNo. 116
97. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2025-03-27: Tyler’s 66th Annual Azalea Trail: Events, Trail Map and More Key Informationtylerpaper.comNo. 100
98. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2025-09-06: Tyler Rose Garden’s Nationally Recognized Reputation Draws over 100,000 Visitors Each Yeartylerpaper.comNo. 136
99. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2025-09-07: How the Bergfeld Legacy Continues to Shape Tylertylerpaper.comNo. 87
100. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2025-09-19: East Texas State Fair Saddles Up for 109th Year in Tylertylerpaper.comNo. 156
101. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-03-20: Tyler's 67th Azalea and Spring Flower Trail Opens with Ribbon Cutting and Celebration of New Ownership for Pyron Gardentylerpaper.comNo. 100
102. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-05-18: 93rd Texas Rose Festival Queen Joins Community for Rose Sunday Service Celebrating New Bloomstylerpaper.comNo. 136
103. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-07-10: Brookshire’s Breaks Ground on New Store in West Tyler, Featuring a Full-Service Stanley’s Famous Pit Barbecuetylerpaper.comNo. 98
104. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-09-07: Tyler Junior College Celebrates 100 Yearstylerpaper.comNo. 97 No. 131
105. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-09-13: Record-Breaking TJC Enrollment Adds to Centennial Celebrationtylerpaper.comNo. 97
106. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-09-23: Rides, Food and Fun Return with the 2026 East Texas State Fairtylerpaper.comNo. 156
107. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-09-27: 2026 East Texas State Fair Gets Underway in Tylertylerpaper.comNo. 156
108. Tyler Morning Telegraph, 2026-09-28: Viva La Rosa Gathers at Pyron Garden for Tea Party to Celebrate 5th Year of Texas Rose Festival Float Participationtylerpaper.comNo. 154
109. Tyler Morning Telegraph: About ustylerpaper.comNo. 101
110. Tyler Parks and Recreation: Bergfeld Parktylerparksandrec.comNo. 87
111. Tyler Pipe: Company historytylerpipe.comNo. 113
112. Tyler Texas Online: Hiking trails and parkstylertexasonline.comNo. 87
113. Tyler Today magazine: Azalea and Spring Flower Trailtylertodaymagazine.comNo. 100
114. Tyler Today magazine: Nix Roses, end of an eratylertodaymagazine.comNo. 38 No. 89 No. 110
115. U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas: Order Granting Joint Motion for Declaration of Unitary Status, United States v. Tyler ISD, No. 6:70-cv-5176 (Aug. 26, 2016)txed.uscourts.govNo. 142
116. UT Tyler Center for Excellence (speaker bio): JoAnn Hamptoncsc.uttyler.eduNo. 150
117. UT Tyler press release, 2023-07-06uttyler.eduNo. 155
118. UT Tyler: At a glanceuttyler.eduNo. 143
119. UT Tyler: School of Medicine receives notice of preliminary accreditationuttyler.eduNo. 155
120. Visit Tyler: Azalea & Spring Flower Trailvisittyler.comNo. 100
121. Visit Tyler: Tyler Civic Theatrevisittyler.comNo. 135
122. Visit Tyler: Tyler Rose Gardenvisittyler.comNo. 136
123. Wikipedia: Cotton Belt Depot Museumen.wikipedia.orgNo. 37
124. Wikipedia: KLTVen.wikipedia.orgNo. 137 No. 164
125. Wikipedia: National Register of Historic Places listings in Smith County, Texasen.wikipedia.orgNo. 136 No. 149
126. Wikipedia: Texas Rose Festivalen.wikipedia.orgNo. 109 No. 110

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